Kazakhstan media guide

The country's media landscape is dominated by state-owned and pro-government media outlets. Most major media organizations are directly or indirectly controlled by the government, severely squeezing the space for independent voices.

Almost all print media outlets that supported the opposition have been shut down or forced into exile, further undermining media diversity. This trend significantly limits the public's access to alternative perspectives.

Reporters Without Borders (RSF) points out that the remaining media are "collapsing under the impact of huge fines," and their survival environment is deteriorating. The financial pressures further restrict their ability to operate freely and independently.

Television is the most popular form of media. The government operates the national television network. At the same time, Russian television channels are broadcast via cable and satellite, exerting a wide influence.

As of July 2022, the country had 16.4 million internet users, accounting for 86% of the total population (source: InternetWorldStats). Russian social media platforms are widely used.

However, the internet is subject to "strict control, including mass surveillance, imprisonment of bloggers, and frequent blocking of access to news websites, social networks, and communication services," according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF), indicating severely limited online freedom.